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Siege of Fort Mose
The Battle of Fort Mose (often called Bloody Mose, or Bloody Moosa at the time) was a significant action of the War of Jenkins’ Ear, and it took place on June 26 of 1740. Captain Antonio Salgado commanded a Spanish column of 300 regular troops, backed by the free black militia and allied Seminole warriors consisting of Indian auxiliaries,. They stormed Fort Mose, a strategically crucial position〔Burnett p.167〕 newly held by 170 British soldiers under Colonel John Palmer. This garrison had taken the fort as part of James Oglethorpe's offensive to capture St. Augustine. Taken by surprise, the British garrison was virtually annihilated.〔Burnett p.167〕 Colonel Palmer, three captains and three lieutenants were among the British troops killed in action.〔Gómez〕 The battle destroyed the fort. The Spanish did not rebuild it until 1752.〔Jones p.13〕〔Henderson p.94〕
==Background==
Located two miles north of St. Augustine, Fort Mose was established in 1738 by the Spanish as a refuge for British black slaves escaping from the colonies of Georgia and South Carolina. 45 years before, in 1693, King Charles II of Spain ordered his Florida colonists to give all runaway slaves, from British colonies freedom and protection if they converted to Catholicism and agreed to serve Spain. This is the Spanish Royal Edict, from the translation by Bruce Twyman: ''"It has been notified … that eight black males and two black females who had run away from the city of San Jorge (), arrived to that presidio asking for the holy water of baptism, which they received after being instructed in the Christian doctrine. Later on, the chief sergeant of San Jorge visited the city with the intention to claim the runaways, but it was not proper to do so, because they had already become Christians .... As a prize for having adopted the Catholic doctrine and become Catholicized, as soon as you get this letter, set them all free and give them anything they need, and favor them as much as possible. I hope them to be an example, together with my generosity, of what others should do."'' Male runaway slaves who passed military inspection were granted freedom by Spain in return for converting to Catholicism and performing four years' military service.〔Riordan (1996), pp. 25–44.〕 The new fort was the first settlement of free blacks in North America.〔Martínez Láinez/Canales p.236〕
The fort consisted of a church, a wall of timber with some towers, and some twenty houses inhabited by a hundred people.〔 The maroons were commissioned as Spanish militia by Governor Manuel de Montiano and put under the command of Captain Francisco Menendez, a mulatto or creole of African-Spanish descent, who had escaped from slavery in South Carolina.
Fort Mose's militia soon became a matter of concern for the British colonies.〔 The fort served as both a colony of freedmen and as Spanish Florida's front-line of defense against British attacks from the north. The Spanish intended to destabilize the plantation economy of the British colonies by creating a community that would attract slaves seeking escape and refuge. Word of the free black settlement reached the Province of South Carolina; it is believed to have helped inspire the Stono Rebellion in September 1739. During the slave revolt, several dozen blacks headed for Spanish Florida, but were not successful in reaching it. The fort was later important in the British Siege of St. Augustine.〔Linebaugh, p. 250〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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